DPARA <PAR@ ` ∞TEXT ` ▐Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth Beecher1811╨1896writer and reformerBorn on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, Harriet Beecher was a member of one of the nineteenth century╒s most remarkable families. The daughter of Lyman Beecher and the sister of Catharine, Henry Ward, and Edward, she grew up in an atmosphere of learning and moral earnestness. She attended Sarah Pierce╒s school in Litchfield in 1819╨1824 and for three years thereafter her sister Catharine╒s school in Hartford. From 1827 to 1832 she taught at Catharine╒s school. In 1832 she accompanied Catharine and their father to Cincinnati, where he became president of Lane Theological Seminary and she taught in the Western Female Institute, founded by Catharine. In January 1836 she married Calvin E. Stowe, a professor at Lane. She supplemented their meager income by writing stories and sketches for periodicals, and she published a collection, The Mayflower, in 1843. In 1850 the Stowes moved to Brunswick, Maine, where Calvin Stowe joined the faculty of Bowdoin College. There Harriet Stowe began to write a long tale of slavery, based on her reading of abolitionist literature and on her personal observations in Ohio and Kentucky. Her tale was published serially in the National Era in 1851╨1852; in 1852 it appeared in book form as Uncle Tom╒s Cabin, or, Life Among the Lowly. It was an immediate sensation and was taken up eagerly by abolitionists while, along with its author, it was vehemently denounced in the South, where reading or possessing the book became an extremely dangerous undertaking. With sales of 300,000 in the first year, the book exerted an influence equaled by few other novels in history. It helped solidify both pro- and antislavery sentiment and fanned the flames that were to erupt in the Civil War. The book was translated widely and several times dramatized, the first time without Stowe╒s permission by George Aiken in 1852. Stowe was enthusiastically received on a visit to England in 1853, and there she formed friendships with many leading literary figures. In the same year she published A Key to Uncle Tom╒s Cabin, a compilation of documentary evidence in support of disputed details of her indictment of slavery. In 1854 an account of Stowe╒s travels appeared as Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands. In 1856 appeared Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, another antislavery novel. From 1852 to 1864 she lived in Andover, Massachusetts, and from 1864 in Hartford. She traveled widely in the United States and to Europe and continued to produce articles, stories, and serialized novels, many of which appeared in the Atlantic Monthly. Her books included The Minister╒s Wooing, 1859, The Pearl of Orr╒s Island, 1862, Agnes of Sorrento, 1862, The Ravages of a Carpet, 1864, Religious Poems, 1867, Oldtown Folks, 1869, Pink and White Tyranny, 1871, Sam Lawson╒s Oldtown Fireside Stories, 1872, Palmetto Leaves, 1873, We and Our Neighbors, 1875, Poganuc People, 1878, and A Dog╒s Mission, 1881. She assisted her son Charles E. Stowe on his Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1889. An article she published in the Atlantic in 1869 in which she alleged that Lord Byron had had an incestuous affair with his half-sister created an uproar and cost her much of her popularity in England, but she remained a leading author and lyceum lecturer in the United States. (The charge concerning Byron later came to be widely accepted.) After the death of her husband in 1866 she remained in Hartford until her own death on July 1, 1896. styl ` @ ! ¬ ! 5¬ + 5¬ @ !I ■ !I ▐ !I o !I ▐ { !I Ö !I ª !I 5¬ !I τ !I ⌠ !I & !I 1 !I 2 !I Q !I @ !I Z !I ┴ 5¬ ┬ !I ⌠ !I !I !I !I ' !I @ !I A !I M !I
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